1. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s dress marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.

分析：

（1）本句基本結構是主語從句It was not until…that…，其中有兩個插入成分。

（2）第一個插入成分是時間狀語從句when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s dress marketing strategy，修飾1980’s，可以譯為獨立小句。

（3）when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years是狀語從句，修飾…came into…，譯成“當時…”，其中，part of what defined them as female是第二個插入成分，也是上文it的同位語，it指上文的pink。

（4）at least for the first few critical year是修飾…began to seem…的時間讓步狀語。

（5）came into its own的意思是“盛行起來”。

譯文：二十世紀80年代中期，兒童服裝市場的主要營銷策略開始強調年齡差異和性別差異，粉色才逐漸流行起來，至少在最初的關鍵幾年，粉色似乎開始自然地吸引女孩，這種顏色也多少標志著女孩變成了女性。

2. Quantumen tanglement, in a nut shell, means that the properties of one particle can be deduced by examining the properties of a second particle --- even if they are separated by a large distance.

分析：

（1）in a nut shell的意思是“從本質上……”。

（2）按漢語表達習慣，先說讓步“即使……”，再說主句內容。

譯文：從本質上說， 量子糾纏意味著粒子雖然相隔很遠，其屬性仍可通過檢驗另一個粒子的屬性推斷出來。