“空心村”是我國農村地區普遍存在的一個現象，整個村莊的原住民都搬遷到新農村住宅區去了，剩下他們破舊的宅基地。FA 設計師公社選了西窯頭村為改建空心村的開首，該村有 16 塊宅基地，改造后成為共享農莊，為農民提供宅基地的收益，解決當地部分貧困戶的就業，振興蔚縣的剪紙，打樹花等非遺的文化傳承。河北張家口西窯頭農村振興項目始于FA青年建筑師獎競賽，“西窯洞里”是勝出的十二位設計師作品之一。
"Hollow villages" are a common phenomenon in China rural areas. Most of the aboriginal households of the village have moved to the new rural residential areas, leaving their dilapidated homesteads. Considering the cultural heritage in Yu County such as paper-cutting, wood crafting and ‘Fiery Trees and Silver Flowers’, the Fortune Art (FA) Homestay selected Xiyaotou Village, out of 100 villages in Yu County, as the beginning of village poverty alleviation. The village have been transformed into communal farms to provide local villagers with income via offering accommodation, local food services and activities. The rural revitalization project of Xiyaotou Village started with the 2018 FA Emerging Architect Award. "Grotto Retreat Xiyaotou" is one of the 12 winning designs.
項目鳥瞰 Aerial view of the project ?郭哲
項目近景 Close view of the project ?郭哲
“西窯洞里”南側是湖景及當地村部落，北側是自然綠化景觀。沿東西軸線，在這塊扁長的地塊上平行于邊界布置。
The Southern side of "Grotto Retreat Xiyaotou" is facing a lake and the local villages, while the Northern side is facing a mini forest. The complex is arranged parallel to the elongated site, along the East-West axis.
西窯洞里周邊環境 Surrounding environment of "Grotto Retreat Xiyaotou" ?郭哲
西窯洞里南側沿湖外觀 Exterior along the lake in the South ?郭哲
設計概念以農村與城市人際網絡的本質差別作起點，以直立式“窯洞”融入木棧道的手法重新呈現場地原有的窯洞居所，通過把原始 (農村“熟人社會”) 的洞穴居住形式并置于現代(城市“陌人社會”) 的生活模式，從而希望實現一個公共與私密并存的社區群體。
The design concept starts with the radical difference between the rural and urban interpersonal networks, the native cave dwellings of the site are re-interpreted as vertical "grottos”. By flowing the bridge of connectivity in between the private “grottos”, the design attempts to realize a community in which public and private coexist.
原始洞穴居住形式 Primitive cave dwelling form, Source: A( )VOID 一間建筑
隱藏的四乘六米的軸線網格源于場地原有窯洞居所之長寬比尺寸，作為連廊結構布置的基調，精神意義上支撐著新建筑群。在新建“窯洞”的處理手法上，取道于分散的量體、雙曲線有機形體、門窗框尺寸比例和當地的材料與建造方式，使建筑群可兼容于場地以及其他作品之間。
The bridge is supported by a hidden four-by-six-meter grid, which is derived from the length-to-width ratio of the original cave dwellings on the site. It serves as the keynote for the layout of the corridor structure and supports the new building complex in a spiritual sense. For the treatment of the vertical "grottos” unit, with the implementation of scattered volumes, hyperbolic shapes, various fenestration dimensions, local materials and construction methods, the building complex attempts to be compatible with the site and amongst other works.
軸測圖，4×6米的軸線網格 Axonometric, the bridge is supported by a hidden four-by-six-meter grid ?一間建筑
村民與游人可自由穿行于“窯洞”之間或木棧道之上，并通過“窯洞”、窗洞、柱子、木橋等組成的邊框，將村內外人造或自然景觀框入其中。各“窯洞”里的天窗及七米層高讓住戶在進入建筑后可專注于空間的垂直性，“以天地為房屋，以房子為衣服” (劉伶)。大面積天窗讓住客可體驗農村“日出而作，日入而息”的作息以及提升對太陽軌跡的敏感度。冬季熱能從天窗進入，并由雙層磚墻保存；夏季熱能可通過體量產生的煙囪效應由不同方向的窗戶排出。
Wandering under and above the wooden bridge, one could oversee surrounding landscape and aboriginal architecture of Yu County, which are framed by the hyperbolic facade, pine wood columns and corten-steel fenestration of the complex. With assistance of the seven-meter-high ceiling, the sun roof of the vertical "grottos” encourages residents to focus on the verticality of the space, "housed by the sky and the earth, and clothed by the house" (Liu Ling). The introduction of generous skylights contextualises residents to rurality’s rhythm of "working from dawn to dusk" and further expose their sensitivity to the sun's trajectory. Climatically, in order to warm the three quarters of Zhangjiakou averaging 10 Degree Celsius, sun rays enter through skylights and are preserved by double-layered brick walls; during summer, heat can be discharged via chimney effect given rise by the collaboration of the unit’s geometry and fenestration.
室內布置 Interior ?郭哲
房間 Room ?郭哲
抬頭可見大面積天窗 Generous skylights ?郭哲
建筑立面凸出的磚塊是局部建筑過程之載體，曾為竹棚作臨時結構支撐點以供磚匠完成平均高7米的雙層磚墻。他們與連廊木結構的能見度取決于太陽強度及角度和云層密度，于建筑雙曲面映出瞬息的時空關系。
The protruding bricks on the elevation, as the vehicle of a part of the construction process, were the position where the scaffolding found its temporary support for bricklayers to complete the double-layered brick wall with an average height of 7 meters. Their visibility on the facade depends on the intensity of the sun and cloud density. The shadow of the protrusions and wood bridge cast on the hyperboloid morphs with the sun’s trajectory, emerging ephemeral time-spaces.
立面細部，可見凸出的磚塊 The protruding bricks on the elevation ?郭哲
連廊木結構 Wooden bridge ?郭哲
考慮到建筑群日后的發展方向，聚落的體量分散手法可增加對未來不同功能的包容性，“窯洞”與“窯洞”之間和木棧道可供雕塑或其他裝置藝術品作展覽空間，亦使得鄉村的空間體驗能夠于體量間得以延續。除了與農村建立起良好的物理關系之外，沿用合適的運營模式以及文化內容生產與再生是農村振興項目可持續發展的動能，從而讓建筑成為一個真正意義上的文化載體及引擎。
Taking into account the future possible development of the complex, the strategy of fragmenting the volumes raises tolerance for possible future programmes, the rural spatial experience can, moreover, be carried on via the in-betweens. The void among the vertical "grottos” and wooden bridge can be used as workshop, market or exhibition spaces for art installations. With involvement of local villagers in the maintenance and management of the complex, cultural interceptions are initiated regularly between the local and tourists. Feeding the curiosity of respective parties and functioning as a micro-incubator for rural-urban interchange. In the long run, the plasticity and modifiability of the hostel complex is powered by the operational considerations and continuous production and reproduction of cultural content.
“窯洞”與“窯洞”之間和木棧道可供雕塑或其他裝置藝術品作展覽空間 The void among the vertical "grottos” and wooden bridge can be used as workshop, market or exhibition spaces for art installations ?郭哲
頂視圖，夜景 Top view, night view ?郭哲
夜景 Night view ?郭哲
項目圖紙
地面層平面圖 Ground floor plan ?一間建筑
二層平面圖 First floor plan ?一間建筑
剖面圖A-ASection A-A ?一間建筑
剖面圖B-B Section B-B ?一間建筑
項目信息
項目名稱：西窯洞里
項目地址：西窯頭村，張家口，河北，我國
項目類型：民宿/酒店
項目年份：2021
建筑面積：820 ㎡
建筑設計：一間建筑 A( )VOID
主持建筑師：韓櫞
設計團隊：馬廷光、黃天佑、姚家文
合作設計院：北京騰遠工程設計有限公司
項目總策劃：易居聯合創始人朱旭東
指導單位：北京市密云區人民政府 /張家口市人民政府 / 我國物業管理協會鄉村振興協作委員會
投資單位：蔚縣人民政府/上海太德勵拓互聯網科技股份有限公司
策劃開發：太德樂農（北京）互聯網科技有限公司
施工營建：唐山市市政集團有限公司
內裝工程：上海歐開建筑裝飾工程有限公司
運營顧問：華僑城度假酒店管理（上海）有限公司
運營管理：蔚縣良耜文化發展有限公司
項目攝影：郭哲 | 微風建筑攝影
